All R1's up to recently have had a 190 tire stock in the back - so whoever had the bike before you put on a 180/55. The height is the same as a 190/50. No idea why a guy would put on a narrower tire, unless he used it on a very tight track.
I am no expert but I put a 190/55 Pirelli Corsa Rosso on the aft of my 2000 R1 - stock was a 190/50. I also changed the sprockets to a 15 t in front and 47 t in back, which is +1/-2. This with the 190/55 makes for shorter gearing for the street but only slightly due to the taller tire.
I like the 55 ratio as it is taller by about 1.5-2 cm. It brings the back up noticeably higher with less wheelies when laying on the throttle. Taller tire also gives you a better lean angle due to the slightly higher frame, if you are into knee-dragging on every turn...
See the first pic with a 190/50 tire, the 2nd with a 190/55 after my restoration last winter. Sits noticeably tail higher. I recommend changing the rear sprocket to maybe a +2 if you want to keep similar gearing.
You also have lot more choices with a 190/55 tire vs a 190/50, as less brands have the 50 ratio.